An Astrologer’s Day Essay

An Astrologers Day has a deceptively simple plot, although the full significance of the myth becomes evident only after a second or even third reading. Part of the fuss arises from the fact that the author deliberately avoids markers that would benefit the reader there is no clear indication where the story occurs or when it does, although it is possible to make an meliorate guess about both.The story begins almost in medias res (in the middle) and concludes on what appears to be an ambiguous note. But, in fact, the story is a tightly plain one in which all parts fit together. Description The story begins with a description of the astrologer, who is the central character in the story. In gauzy detail, his appearance, his clothes, and all the materials he uses to ply his trade are described.The astrologer, who is not inclined a name, comes across as a type, one of the many avenue vendors in India, who sit under the shade of a tree or a temporary shed and sell anything from veget ables to newspapers. This astrologer belongs to the same category although, given the nature of his trade, there is a need to dress and expatriate in a particular manner. He does that effectively by tolerant the impression of a holy man whose special powers enable him to extend as an astrologer.Almost casually, the surroundings of the astrologer begin to take shape. bit there are no clear references to a particular urban center, it is likely, since Narayan consistently uses the fictional city of Malgudi, that this story too takes place in Malgudi. In any event, one gets the impression of a somewhat backward city which still retains a measure of its rural character. The reference to municipal excitement is one of the strategies employed by the author to suggest a nose out of the place. In Complete An Astrologers Day Summary

Bruce Dawe Essay

Bruce Dawe, an Australian known poet, innate(p) 1930 is still iodine of the biggest selling and most highly regarded poets of Australia. His ability to write such potent poetrys has made an impact on a turn of events of people, as individually poem hind end be related to the ordinary living lives of Australians end-to-end the years. Bruce Dawes poems ar fire beca role they com custodyt on the lives of ordinary people. This account is agreed on.In relation to the statement, three key poems can be standoffed organism Enter Without So unt oldish as belt (1959), Homo Suburbiensis (1964) and Drifters (1968). In the first poem menti matchlessd Enter Without So Much as Knocking, Dawe grounds the living of a s expectr in the Baby Boomers period, and the season after World War 2 (1950s to early 60s). The government had yet released an election promise for any mother who be atomic number 18d a child to receive a money bonus in sound reflection for adding to Australias populat ion.With approximately 3 babies per family on average during this period period, Dawe represents children born in that time period as if cosmos born publicu featureuring, because Bruce Dawes poems are takeing because they comment on the lives of ordinary people. The numbers Enter Without So Much as Knocking uses soldieryy poetic and literary proficiencys. These embarrass imaginativeness, similes, themes of sexism and stereotypes and rhetorical question. Dawe utilises the whole poem as imagery for the sons life.Dawes creative sense made it so the earreach who would read this poem would see that his life was a plot of ground interpret even in death. This subject can be order when Dawe explores death in his sixth stanza. gave him backward for keeps/ the old automatic grimace with nothing behind it, winding the whole show up with a/ nice ride out to the underground metropolis/ permanent residentials, no parking tickets, no taximeters/ ticking, no Bobby Dazzlers here, n o down payments,/ nobody sorrow over halitosis/ flat feet shrinking gums falling hair. In this example, Dawes use of imagery immediately conveys to his earreach the type of life this man led. He likewise utilize black humour, development death as an chip from the life he led and still gaining prizes. The next technique used is Simile. Throughout the poem, Dawe represents the child as nothing more than just other person. No significance. No crucial part to his existence. Yet, in the fourth stanza, Dawe last shows some notion of a positive emotion. The first ever bearing at happiness and precisely trance throughout the poem.In the stanza, the boy describes his liking for watching movies under a star lit sky, stating a pure unadulterated fringe of sky, littered with stars/ no one had got around to fixing up yet hed watch them/ circling around in luminous groups like kids at the circus The effect of using this technique punctuates the fact of something so pure, an actual ha ppy emotion lively in this world, that seems to be so practical and sought out. To the audition it would show that Dawe is trying to create a hope that just maybe the boy impart escape this game show fate and live to down the freedom he wishes.The comment of his life in addition illustrates Dawes interesting view on life and ordinary people, as he represents the judgement of being barred from freedom. It also shows how society cannot corrupt the stars as they are too far away. Themes are also used throughout the poem. In the 1950s to early 60s women were still trying to make up for themselves. After the Second World War and during the bollocks boomers period, in stanza twain of the poem Dawe comments on this type of living stating his embarrassd/ one economy-sized Mum, one Anthony Squires Dad, along with two other kids straight off the Junior surgical incision rack. This technique clearly represents the stereotypical, sexist views of the time period. Women were still seen as just house-wife material, men were expected to make a living for their family and the average for the number of children per household was three. Anthony Squires as stated was a known Australian crisscross Mens suite. Dawe shows the audience in this quote the type of families seen during the 1950s, as if manufactured or mass produced. Like a template. Every family had to live one of these. Families during this time did not bond or grow up together, but had been brought and constructed.Another example of sexism can be put in stanza five, as Dawe says, and then it was goodbye stars and the soft/ cry in the time out when no one was looking This shows the audience that in this society, during this time period, men were also stereotyped as they were not allowed to cry. They DO NOT cry. The closing technique used in Enter Without So Much as Knocking is rhetorical question. though only used once, it brings the whole poem together, causing Dawes audience to have a sudden epiphany. During stanza five, the child is undergoing what seems to be some other part of his life.Here we see his growing up, look goodbye to depravation as the audience reads his corruption as he gives up fighting. The closing lines hit the audience with a sense of acknowledgement being I mean its a real battle all the way/ and a man cant dish up but feel a little soiled, himself,/ at times, you know what I mean? This conveys to the audience what an awful, corruptive world the world has become, and in redeem man himself has become soiled. Man has been blinded by his own corruption and formed his own stereotypes, and there is no way to return back to the way things were.This is a vital view baksheesh and comment on the lives of people during this time period, as Dawe gives a descriptive insight on the matter. Moving onto the second poem Homo Suburbiensis, another poem that signifies Dawes interest of people and their lives. Written in 1964, in the midst of the ending of the baby b oomers period and a time of peace as women start finally getting their rights comprehend and the Australian government take a saucy leadership, this poem scripted by Dawe is a representation of an old mans mind. The world he lives in is chaotic when wild, yet when in peace is of surpassing beauty like a hearty-kept garden.The mans thoughts are shown by the garden. Homo Suburbiensis is also referred to as the late day Garden of Eden. Another side note worth mentioning is the fact that the title is a parody of scientific classification, as if stating that the garden is also an experiment on the observations of men overtime. Techniques used in this poem include alliteration, symbolism and onomatopoeia. The first two techniques explored are alliteration and symbolism. The way Dawe has written this poem is vital to his audience, as the lines represent the continuation of life, crucially emphasising this point entirely.The alliteration is then used in the third/fourth stanza stating He stands there, lost in a green/ confusion, smelling the smoke of souls rubbish. The alliteration technique shows the straight, ominous feeling. Almost repetitive, as Dawe gets his audience to relate to the sense of repetition. Also, back in this time period, rubbish was only collected once a week. Households would set their wastes alight and pour in the ashes weekly. This gives Dawes audience a good insight into the 1960s and their views on contamination and rubbish.The symbolism technique, however, links back to the previous comment of the poem being a modern appropriation of the Garden of Eden as the nonstop s words would symbolise a snake. Dawe creates a sense of an living creature that affrightens the peace unless harmed to his audience. An underlying danger ,which, at any given piece could strike and end all peace in a wiz bite. It also emphasises the fact that Dawe is trying to relate modern man to this threat compared to the original Garden of Eden to show his audi ence just how well it is to upset a balance of peace unless treaded on lightly.The final technique used is Onomatopoeia. During this stanza, Dawe has the old man retell what his senses pick up, letting the audience be introduced to both hearing and sight. This being a kid/ a far whisper of traffic, and offering up instead. This technique is used to emphasise Dawes involvement of human senses as well as depicting the old man and his interest in the world also linking back to the previous statement of having Homo Suburbiensis as a possible scientific view on man.These sounds are the only thing that can be heard in his garden, and like the snake, intrude and make Dawes audience realize that they are still being compared to the Garden of Eden to their modern world. The old man, also, can be seen to be lost in thought as he only vaguely hears some sounds. This techniques use in return also shows Dawes interest in modern life compared to the genesis of the bible and his link to his fa ith and the Garden of Eden. It shows his audience, again, the problem of corruption and what it has strikee to man.The third and final poem is 1968s Drifters. Written describing Dawes own childhood, the poem represents yet another key concept in the viewing of ordinary lives in this time period. Drifters is about a family (representing Dawes own family) who moved from place to place, as the bring forth needs to move by season due to the demand from his job. Though it is seen to be written in a casual manner, if read carefully, Dawes audience would see the seriousness behind it. Techniques used throughout the poem include juxtaposition and dialogue. The first technique used is juxtaposition.Family members often have to compromise or sacrifice what they want in order to belong to their family. more or less members, however, wish to establish a permanent sense of place and others dont. The use of juxtaposition is then shown to the audience as the differing perceptions of moving are based on how long they stayed in one place. The oldest girl is on the verge of tears and the youngest is beaming. Another example of this is found in the mothers acceptance of her families drifter lifestyle through by stating bottling-set/ she never unpacked from Grovedale. Again Dawe and his view point, even when personal, is both interesting and aline to the time period when written as it gives his audience an understanding of both the emotion and sacrifice caught in the constant knowing of impermanence.The second and final technique used is dialogue. Repetitive dialogue was used constantly throughout the poem. A lack of permanent place, as mentioned before, is just a continuous spontaneous lifestyle. A feeling that anything could happen. An example of this can be found when she simply says Make a wish Tom, make a wish. The charitable of lifestyle led and the emotions that come with it like excitement, when announcing that yet again they will be moving on is shown through the unusual endings of particular lines, for example tripping/ everyone up. And she was/ happy here. The position of line placement represents their emotions as well as the continuity of their lives and the way they live yet again. Dawe and his visual on life tells his audience of his own memories and the hardship he may have faced due to his family being so spontaneous, as well as any other child who went through the same thing as he during this time frame.In conclusion, all three poems used being Enter Without So Much as Knocking (1959), Homo Suburbiensis (1964) and Drifters (1968) show that Bruce Dawes poem are indeed interesting because they comment on the lives of ordinary people. This is shown throughout each of the three poems using various nomenclature techniques and personal insight, making his audience see that Dawe truly was and still is a unique Australian writer.

Self-reliance: Transcendentalism and Emerson

Self-Reliance Juny Bernadin AML2000 12-Week 2 Professor Andrew smith October 29, 2011 Thesis Statement Self-Reliance has its value in its boldness, its construction, and mature attitudes toward evenness and letdown. In addition, Emersons confident logic seems impregnable. To Emerson, not only is self-doubt absolutely place of the question, merely it is a virtue to believe that everyone believes as you do. He writes that on that point is no value in life but personal principles and goals, and that clubhouse is irrelevant. Self-Reliance Self-Reliance, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, is a persuasive probe promoting the ways of inspirational views.He uses this essay to advance a major point exploitation a structure that helps his argument. In Emersons essay, he begins his concluding thoughts with a tilt that greater impudence and brings a revolution. He then applies this idea to connection and all of its aspects, including religion, education, and art. This brings Emerson to a new, mor e precise focus on how societies neer advance rather it recedes on one side. This shocking, yet intriguing, idea guards and increases the uses of tone, image, example, and the present moment of ignoring his assessment.The result is an accumulation of ideas into the major points that, Nothing understructure bring you pause treaty but you. Nothing can bring you peace but the rapture of principles. With the major points and devices used by Emerson defined, it is now possible to examine in greater detail how he persuades the reader, starting with the use of tone. The use of backchat choice, sentence length, and structure, as well as compositiony former(a) factors habilitate the tone of this paper. The result is a paper that has a provocative tone. A paper written in this authoritative style is helpful in his affiliation. It pulls the reader into the authors ideas, making them your own.The tone of the paper allows descriptions to be extremely powerful in promoting Emersons id eas. The descriptions are numerous throughout the paper and there is a deep-seated one towards the end of the essay that really helps to shape it. Society is a wave. The wave move onward, but the body of water of which it is composed does not. The clear metaphor of society to the wave and the particles of water to the people distinctively demonstrate Emersons idea the society neer advances. If a man is not self-confident and is unable to share himself with others, as people die so too does their experience.Nevertheless, the readiness to be sovereign eliminates this loss of experience. Although this metaphor is strong enough on its own to go away all of the support necessary for the idea that society never advances, Emerson adds to it and his other ideas with examples. The first examples used to support the lack of progression of society. The civilized man of the Americas and Europe compared to the savages of New Zealand. It is here that Emerson brings into question the digress ion in personal strength of men as he key outs advances. These advances do just as much harm as good, making man lazy and indolent. other(a) areas that Emerson scrutinizes are the loss of skills that only years ago were essential, such as the ability to tell time by the sun, and the loss of attention to detail. With Emersons ideas clearly imbedded in our mind, and added by his style of inductive writing, he uses the consequences of ignoring him as the final blow in this battle to persuade. Although no consequence is clearly define, Emerson has made it more than clear what will happen if people do not become more individualistic. Society will stay as it is, no matter how many technological advances made.This fear of being no better nor advanced than previous eras is the most powerful motivator for swap of all. Emersons challenge not to rely on fortune, rather to make things happen for you is exactly what he want it to be, motivational and persuasive. Conclusion In conclusion, th e progression of transcendentalism in Emersons essay Self-Reliance is the promotion of a way of better living according to Emerson. The structural support of self-reliance in Self-Reliance through tone, image, example, and the consequence of ignoring Emersons opinion achieves the goal of persuasion.This produces the final result of a vote for independence, telling, Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you peace but the triumph of principles. The promise of the transcendentalist of personal peace with the achievement of self-reliance would be nothing more than an outlandish idea without Emersons ability to structure and support his idea. Reference 1. AML2000 12 Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson, paginate 29 222, Oct 2011 2. AML2000 12 Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Page 223, 29 Oct 2011

Use-case Diagram

Object oriented Analysis and Design Tutorial Week 4&5 Chapter 5 End of Chapter 1. Why is business outgrowth modeling important? 2. What is the train of a fork node? 3. How do you create use solecisms? 4. How do you create use miscue draws? 5. Give two examples of the extend associations on a use case diagram. Give two examples for the include association. 6. What is the intent of an drill diagram? Your Turn 5-2 Use Cases Look at the natural process diagram for the appointment system in Figure 5-2 and the use case that was created in Figure 5-5. piddle your own use case based on an operation in the activity diagram or the activity that you created in Your Turn 5-1. Use Figure 5-6 to guide your efforts. 5-3 Use Case plot Look at the use-case diagram in Figure 5-10. Consider if a use case were added to maintain patient insurance information. Make assumptions near the details of this use case and add it to the existing use-case diagram in Figure 5-10. The only required caree n to the existing diagram would be the addition of the new use case.It would be labeled Maintain longanimous Insurance Information and would be linked to both the Create unexampled Patient and Make Payment Arrangements use cases using associations. 5-5 Campus Housing Create a set of use cases for the chase high-level processes in a housing system run by the campus housing serve well. The campus housing serving helps students commence apartments. Apartment owners fill in information forms about the term of a contract units they have available (e. g. , location, round of bedrooms, monthly rent), which are then entered into a database.Students can search through this database via the Web to find apartments that meet their ineluctably (e. g. , a two-bedroom apartment for $400 or less per month inside a half mile of campus). They then contact the apartment owners straightway to see the apartment and possibly rent it. Apartment owners call the service to delete their listing when they have rented their apartment(s). 5-6 Drawing a Use-Case Diagram In Your Turn 5-5, you identified use cases for a campus housing service that helps students find apartments. Based on those use cases, create a use-case diagram. ExercisesA. Create an activity diagram and a set of detail use case descriptions for the process of buying glasses from the viewpoint of the patient, but do not retire to observe the flow of events within individually use case. The start-off tonicity is to see an eye doctor who entrust give you a prescription. one clock you have a prescription, you go to a glasses store, where you select your frames and flummox the order for your glasses. Once the glasses have been made, you return to the store for a fitting and pay for the glasses. B. Draw a use case diagram for the process of buying glasses in Exercise A.C. Create an activity diagram and a set of detail use case descriptions for the following dentist office system, but do not bother to identify the flow of events within each use case. Whenever new patients are seen for the first time, they complete a patient information form that asks their name, address, phone number and brief medical history, which are stored in the patient information file. When a patient calls to schedule a new appointment or change an existing appointment, the receptionist checks the appointment file for an available time.Once a good time is found for the patient, the appointment is scheduled. If the patient is a new patient, an incomplete launching is made in the patient file the full information will be collected when they arrive for their appointment. Because appointments are often made so far in advance, the receptionist usually mails a reminder postcard to each patient two weeks before their appointment. D. Draw a use case diagram for the dentist office system in Exercise C.

Ikea Case

The securities industry was primarily illogical between low-en and high-end retailers. Low-end retailers primarily focused on fling a ample array of merchandise including article of article of furniture on the terra firma of low costs. apart from tight margins as digress of a low-pricing system, thither were also several(prenominal) small-store retailers targeting college students and other consumers with constricted budgets. just about of these stores were inconsistent with the environment ND displays portrayed, further contri saveing to poor inventory management practices and below-par customer service. On the other hand, high-end retailers carried all single brands or multiple brands as part of their intersection point portfolio. Most high-end retailers employed expensive sales executives and focused more(prenominal)(prenominal) on religious offering value-added services including ( precisely not limited to) measurement and harvest-time selection, customizable desi gns for complete actualizeovers, product delivery and installation, high number of SKU stemming from a bum product, and even move of old furniture.Quality and service was the basis or these types of sellers, eer reminding customers that their products would last a lifetime and that going through the installation fire could easily be avoided. 2. When furniture titan kea finally unify its business strategy in the US by the mid-ass, customers where typically delineate as well-traveled, ripe yet practical in taste, likely risk-takers, technologically-savvy, and connoisseurs of delightful food and wine. Customers at KEA look for a shop pass that fulfills and exceeds their expectations by finding multiple types of furniture and other compliments (I. . Technician, decorations, etc) that atomic number 18 practical and endure accommodate a good-living standard. Aside from fulfilling the need for revolutionary furniture, customers at KEA also valued complimentary services offere d at the stores such as childcare facilities, on-site Scandinavian restaurants, and customer-service help desks for shopping assistance. KEA unrestricted states to its customers that they won t find a dewy-eyed variety of selfsame(prenominal)(p) product SKI-I s in different colorise or finishes, kinda they let room only for what is considered necessary to turn in homes in unique, modern, and snazzy ways. . KEA s competitive advantage features a well-defined tally chain strategy that accords for cost-saving opportunities when sourcing raw materials, streamlining packaging and shipping, negotiating In bulk with manufacturers, and promoting a self-service concept at store level. tout ensemble these Initiatives translate Into visit prices for finished goods that customers prefer. The main disadvantages of KEA are touch on lower-quality furniture that doses t last as long as other high-end more expensive products.Also, KEA furniture is not fit for people who computer progr amme on moving or relocating as the pieces that make a undefiled example of what W. Chain Kim and Renee Unbroken coined a Blue maritime company. The companys target marketplace is considered to be niche but at the same time oriented at covering the spate and being high-volume, low-price retailers. The customer experience is unique and cannot be easily copied by other competitors. viscid to Scandinavian-styled furniture helps distinguish KEA from traditional furniture stores while at the same time being distinctive and predictable.Blue sea companies such as KEA employ Continuous Improvement practices that allow for ewe styles and designs of furniture to be made available while on the sentry for cost reductions and price saving opportunities for consumers. 5. In target for KEA to pass over and sustain its emersion strategy and high success worldwide they have to place fussy emphasis to the following recommendations a. Expand the customer anchor outside of effected markets such as Europe and North the States and target emergent economies that are also looking for inexpensive, practical and classy ways of render their homes and offices. . Offer complimentary assistance for assembling furniture at an spare cost in order to attract higher-end customers who do not destiny to partake in the tedious task but are unbidden to pay a premium for the service. Specialized carpenters and contractors should be carefully selected and clever according to company standards. This allows for furniture to last thirster and survive movement needs. C. Continue growing in POS (points of sale) in order to cover less-populated areas in current operating countries while increasing market share and turnout the consumers preference for the brand.Ikea CaseThe market was primarily split between low-en and high-end retailers. Low-end retailers primarily focused on offering a wide array of merchandise including furniture on the basis of low prices. Aside from tight margins as part of a low-pricing strategy, there were also several small-store retailers targeting college students and other consumers with constricted budgets.Most of these stores were inconsistent with the environment ND displays portrayed, further impart to poor inventory management practices and below-par customer service. On the other hand, high-end retailers carried either single brands or multiple brands as part of their product portfolio. Most high-end retailers employed expensive sales executives and focused more on offering value-added services including (but not limited to) measurement and product selection, customizable designs for complete makeovers, product delivery and installation, high number of SKU stemming from a base product, and even relocation of old furniture.Quality and service was the basis or these types of sellers, constantly reminding customers that their products would last a lifetime and that going through the installation hassle could easily be avoided. 2. When furniture titan KEA finally consolidated its business strategy in the US by the mid-ass, customers where typically defined as well-traveled, sophisticated yet practical in taste, likely risk-takers, technologically-savvy, and connoisseurs of fine food and wine. Customers at KEA look for a shopping experience that fulfills and exceeds their expectations by finding multiple types of furniture and other compliments (I. . Technician, decorations, etc) that are practical and can accommodate a good-living standard. Aside from fulfilling the need for new furniture, customers at KEA also valued complimentary services offered at the stores such as childcare facilities, on-site Scandinavian restaurants, and customer-service help desks for shopping assistance. KEA open-ended states to its customers that they won t find a wide variety of same product SKI-I s in different colors or finishes, instead they have room only for what is considered necessary to furnish homes in unique, modern, and stylish ways. . KEA s competitive advantage features a well-defined supply chain strategy that allows for cost-saving opportunities when sourcing raw materials, streamlining packaging and shipping, negotiating In bulk with manufacturers, and promoting a self-service concept at store level. All these Initiatives translate Into lower prices for finished goods that customers prefer. The main disadvantages of KEA are centered on lower-quality furniture that doses t last as long as other high-end more expensive products.Also, KEA furniture is not suitable for people who plan on moving or relocating as the pieces that make a perfect example of what W. Chain Kim and Renee Unbroken coined a Blue Ocean company. The companys target market is considered to be niche but at the same time oriented at covering the masses and being high-volume, low-price retailers. The customer experience is unique and cannot be easily copied by other competitors. Sticking to Scandinavian-styled furniture helps di stinguish KEA from traditional furniture stores while at the same time being distinctive and predictable.Blue Ocean companies such as KEA employ Continuous Improvement practices that allow for ewe styles and designs of furniture to be made available while on the lookout for cost reductions and price saving opportunities for consumers. 5. In order for KEA to continue and sustain its growth strategy and high success worldwide they have to place special emphasis to the following recommendations a. Expand the customer base outside of established markets such as Europe and North America and target emerging economies that are also looking for inexpensive, practical and stylish ways of equipping their homes and offices. . Offer complimentary assistance for assembling furniture at an additional cost in order to attract higher-end customers who do not want to partake in the tedious task but are willing to pay a premium for the service. Specialized carpenters and contractors should be careful ly selected and trained according to company standards. This allows for furniture to last longer and survive relocation needs. C. Continue growing in POS (points of sale) in order to cover less-populated areas in current operating countries while increasing market share and widening the consumers preference for the brand.

Working at Mcdonalds

Dillon mundy Mr. Varner Composition 1 11/4/21 running(a) at McDonalds Amitai Etzioni In the passage readying at McDonalds by Amitai Etzioni he starts off by stating that McDonalds is bountiful for your kids. He doesnt musical none this way because of the sustenance, notwithstanding instead of the mass production jobs they bye our y revealh. He says studies show two thirds of high civilize students have part succession jobs in the pabulum chain business, and McDonalds is the pi unmatchableer, tr destroy-setter, and symbol.Amitai states that of course at first these jobs search right, and may countm to bring up produce driven, self-reliant youngsters, moreover what they rightfully do is undermine school attendance and involvement, teach you some(prenominal) skills that be useful in life, and demean the values of teenagers. He thinks work should teach you the fruits of labor and self-discipline. He said that McDonalds has a job that is uneducational in several ways.H e says it is far from providing opportunities for entrepreneurship, self-discipline, self-supervision, and self-scheduling. He feels approximately teenage jobs these days atomic number 18 what most social scientists c both highly routinized which means that everything you do at the job is the same all the time, which offers no room for creativity or initiative. There are very few studies on if instantlys jobs are turning our youth into assembly line robots, but one of the few is a weigh conducted by Ivan Charper and Bryan Shore Fraser in 1948.The force field relied mainly on what youth wrote on a questionnaire rather than observations of speedy food jobs. The study revealed that the jobs have nothing to offer skill wise. A 1980 study be V Harrel found that among students that worked 25 hours per week temporary hookup in school their unemployment rate years later was half of that of the seniors who didnt work. This goes to show that most kids that work in steadfast food ob jet dart in school are usually stressed to drop out of school and get swallowed up in the fast food world.The studies conducted do show that they rise up teamwork and running(a) under supervision, however it must been seen that this accomplishment is not exactly educational or wholesome and that its essay to teach us blind obedience. It shows that teens are more interested in the reward of currency, and status, than credits in a calculus course. So pa stock splits should see that teen employment isnt exactly educational though it does offer some things, but it rat also be abused.I have to tote up with Etzioni, I myself have worked in fast-food jobs and have gained nothing from them except a quick dollar. He is very persuasive in this essay, and makes some really substantially points. I like when he talks about todays jobs turning the youth into assembly line robots, I completely feel him on that, because the job is so repetitive you never do everything different. He really caught my attention with this essay.Working at McdonaldsTeens and Jobs In the essay, Working at McDonalds, Malta Textron talks about his belief that working, especially at fast food chain restaurants can be bad for teenagers. Working, for teenagers under some circumstances can be bad for them but sometimes its sober depending on the daily schedule of whomever is working. If the teen is still in school, working is bound to affect their involvement and attendance in negative ways. though its true that plot of ground working you gain on the Job experience, variate believes it ant really serve well If it comes at the cost of education time teens think the opposite.Fast food Jobs do have an advantage earning money while also larning how to manage the money they make. It boils down to whether or not risks outweigh the benefits when working Jobs like this which all depends on the current attitude of the teen. To begin, the Edition writes how he believes Jobs dont go well with keepin g up schoolwork and can get In the way of attendance. This is the same for n other(a) all extracurricular activities most are after school so Its probably to get In the way.When I as in high school I had a friend John who tried to juggle a job, schoolwork and a football altogether but in the end he chose to give up football because he couldnt make it to some(prenominal) of the practices. The author also takes into account that if students dont have enough time to study their grades will drop without question. It comes down to the decision of which activity to give up to make room for work. More than half the time students will overturn the sport to find more study time Like in my friend Johns case. Second, the author addresses the problem that I think has two sides to the coin.He believes that jobs for the most part dont give any training that would help outside of the work they would be currently doing. This is true because most of the skills taught in fast food restaurants ar e for the simple things like running the register or working the fryer. umpteen of the Jobs themselves could be done as good or better by a nine- year-old because of how simple the work Is. Most aspects of this type of job wouldnt help anyone In the future much less a teenager. Once they no longer work there anymore, the skill is useless unless they still excogitation on working in the same type of Job.There are a couple of things that can be learned from a fast food Job that aptitude help with other Jobs the future. If youve ever been too McDonalds or any other fast food restaurant and had a bad worker serving you, you might have gotten a little annoyed. Work ethic Is very Important at a fast food place or any workplace for that matter. In other Jobs, If you are not quick and efficient, you might not make It very far in your work. Also, workers learn how to work with different types of people this helps them in later experiences in a work force.Getting an impatient customer is a good example, when presented with a problem like this it helps prepare you for other situations like it in the future. This is not always easy but will serve as great experience for jobs in the future. Lastly, Textron explains that working doesnt teach teens how to manage their is that you learn the value of a dollar from your own mistakes. Having money and working for that money helps teens to understand that money isnt free and shouldnt be wasted. When teenagers want to buy something theyll scarce go buy it only to mind later that they could have gotten it at half price had they waited on a sale.Also teens will try to rent things they want from pay later businesses like rent a cracker instead of buying it when they have the money to do so estimable to learn that not only is it more expensive this way but if they miss a payment the rightful owners could repossess it at any time. Often times this could lead to debt, but if they are lucky their parents might help them out. Studen ts who worked at least 25 hours per week while in school, their unemployment rate four years later was half of the noirs who did work. This means that most of those that began in fast food Jobs stayed in that area of work or simply became unemployed. There are plenty of pros and cons to working at an early age, while it could interfere with school it can also help teens develop a good work ethic and learn from their mistakes. If they dont get the bump to make these mistakes before they move away, the consequences could be a lot more devastating. The question the author wants the reader to consider in all this is, can the risk worth the reward?

Translocation of over-Breeding Species

Trans hole is the regularity to alleviate the over-breeding problem of animal besides killing them. The International inwardness for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) b pathly defines translocation as the delibe sum up and mediated app atomic number 18nt movement of wild individuals from one part of their range to another (e. g. IUCN, 1987). Translocation includes Capture and intervention, captivity or some form of prolonged restraint, transport, print into an unfamiliar location four processes. Despite its wide use and importance, translocation traditionally has a kickoff rate of success due to the effect of chronic stress.But Tufts University has done the notice on translocation and found break through the solutions (Biological Conservation Molly J. Dickens 2010). Administering anesthesia or tranquilizing during capture, reduce the risk of the animal perceive intervention and transport. Normally, Health assays, veterinary visits, or other forms of observation and intervention argon conducted during captivity, descend the total number of visits, thus decreasing added exposure to handling stress.Specific aspects of transport such as vehicle design, stacking density, ventilation, and even the quality of the road and the standard of driving should be measured before translocation. Finally, the use of a soft-release strategy, in which animals adjust to the area in a special designed cage before being released, may decrease novelty of the release site since animals will earn time to adjust to their new environment without additional stress of finding resources or facing predation. This research makes translocation be a feasible method nowadays.There are two types of strategy in translocation. Introduce to a place with similar biotic and abiotic factors but the world of over-breeding species should be small. For the advantage, animals easily adapt the new condition. But the animals still have a high breeding rate, the over-breeding problem will threaten th e ecosystem once again after a long period. Another strategy is to introduce to a place with new environment. It actually passel reduce the breeding rate effectively. But there is a lot of works should be carried out both before and after.Before animals can be introduced into an environment biologists must specialize the reason for the over-breeding and over-population problems and also assess the risk of translocation. After translocation, biologists should study the animals to discipline they are surviving and breeding in their new environment. Translocation is the most fitted for some species of animals. For example, Grey kangaroos are one of the over breeding animals. They are capable of breeding throughout the year, but most breeding occurs in summer. The female kangaroo is usually permanently pregnant, except on the day she gives birth.This leads a high birth rate. Apart from human, the effect of predatory animal on kangaroos population is limit. And also, eastern Grey K angaroos are the most social of the kangaroos and so it is rare to see one alone. One good reason to reach together in a group is that more individuals can be more attentive to possible threats from predators. As kangaroos dead from the effect of predator is low, but the high breeding rate continuously increase the population, ultimately cause over-population. But the grey kangaroos are a high adaptability species.They can still alive in the change of environment and this minimizes the effect of translocation. During a dry period, males will not produce sperm. It is suitable to relocate them to a less wet place to reduce their ability of reproduction. Kangaroos are animals that dont bubble methane. In Australia, kangaroo compete with cattle and sheep. The increase in number of kangaroos enables decrease number of sheep and cattle, and therefore reduces the release of greenhouse gases. This is the main reason wherefore we save the kangaroos rather than eating them.

M.A. Project Work

Publication Month & Year July 2009 AuthorsMora Sowjanya & Dr. Lokanandha Reddy Irala IndustryAutomobiles percentageIndia Abstract The objective of this case study is to illustrate the lessons of ceiling enthronization decisions through Tata Motors Nano project. In 2003, Ratan Tata, chairman of Tata Group, denote his vision of designing a safe and affordable car for the parking lot man. However, right from its inception, the project had gone through several hurdles.Finally, overcoming all the financial, adept and social challenges, Nano, acclaimed as the worlds cheapest car, was launched amidst much hype and economic aid from all sections of media. While giving a brief on the constitutional journey of Nano from the origin of the idea to its launch, the case study highlights the importance of numeric and qualitative factors in the evaluation of pileus investment decisions.Besides, it provides the learning opportunities to converse the nature of the capital calculateing dec isions and its various types. Pedagogical Objectives * To understand the nature of Tatas Nano project and analyse the sequence of events that marked the launch of Nano * To derive pertinent capital investment lessons from the way Nano project was conceived, handled and executed * To debate on the role of qualitative parameters in capital investment decisions and weighing the magainst three-figure analysis.Keywords Initial great(p) Outlay Qualitative Factors Capital Investments Irreversible projects Capital Budgeting Strategic Long-term planning MBA Corporate Finance Financial perplexity Finance for Managers Business Finance Principles of Financial Management racecourse example Maps Course Case Packs Managerial Finance Financial Management Course Case Pack Financial Management Course Case capital budgeting of tata motors,capital budgeting of tata nano,capital budgeting technique of tata nano,tata motors capital budgeting,capital budget of tata motors,capital budgeting of tata p df,tata com motor from capital budeting,tata com from capital budeting,capital budgeting statement of tata motors,capital budgeting of tata motors of 2012,capital budgeting of tata motors in pdf,capital budgeting of tata steel,showing capital budgeting of tata motors,capital budget of tata,capita budget of tata moters,capital budget of tata nano,project report capital budgeting of tata motors,

What is the crisis in the British family a crisis about? How is the crisis gendered?

The term family offici onlyy evokes the image of a straight person person, atomic existence where each member is related to the otherwise by wedding/law or blood, and the state, religion, media and other heavy institutions in our society march on this image. However, lived realities are often very opposite and in recent years this form of the family, which is assumed to be normal and the norm, has been displaced by various other family forms which are labeled as deviant and which are assumed to be the root of current social problems.Hence has organisen a crisis in the British family. This crisis has been highlighted by the various social institutions work forceti whizzd above which encourage the heterosexual atomic family form. Quoting Wright and Jagger, according to them the turn of the century is marked by a growing crisis in the family, a crisis that may prove terminal unless peremptory action is forcen, and the crisis has been pointed out as the collapse of marriage and the family. This crisis however is not new and a similar was said to have overturen at the end of the 19th century.Like now, the crisis then too had been a rise in social problems and women had been identified as the exercise. Single mothers, on the communication channel(p) mothers, char opposing the dominant ideology of womanhood were and are labeled as the cause of the crisis As Gittins say, Ideals of family relationships have pose enshrined in our legal, social, religious and scotch systems, which in turn reinforce the ideology and penalise or ostracise those who break in it. Gittins 1992The crisis in the family can thus be seen as nothing to a greater extent than a gap amongst the ideological construction of the family and the diverse realities of family life. Gittins,1993 The different alternate family forms that have engender up and move increasingly prevalent in the last few decades such as the single kick upstairs (specially single mother) family, extended families, communes, homosexual families are seen as social threats. This is because they baulk the patriarchal ideology that is prevalent in the nuclear family form where the anthropoid is all-powerful.Resistance to this form of the family has seen the rise of the gendering of the family crisis with the blame falling on the women. This crisis as mentioned above is not something new and was seen before in the 1890s when the results of it were deemed to be the evils of those time namely illegitimate children, women not having children, prostitution, homosexuality etc. The family which by the itinerary was the white, middle clear, heterosexist family was seen to be the buffer against these social evils.In these families the sexual divisions of beat back played an important part in the claiming of lesson superiority. The industrial variety which preceded this period can this be seen as the time when the seeds of change were sown, because correct though at this time the dome stic ideology of the middle class was established, functional class women became increasingly involved in paid employment working apart from home and hence rose the first crisis. Indeed, the cause of the crisis at this time was seen to be the bad mother invariably a working class woman in paid labor.With World War II however, women had to take up jobs and it allowed them more freedom. Gradually the 20th century saw changes in attitudes and code though it did take a very long time. The about important legislative changes were perhaps the right of divorce for women and the decriminalization of jolly relationships. These occurrenceors were important in the rise in the alternate family forms. The argument that the heterosexual family is the norm can however no all-night be held valid.There is a vast discrepancy between the actual family forms and the cereal-packet family considered the ideal In 1961 over half of all households consisted of a married duette with dependent chi ldren and in 1992 this proportion had dropped to 24%. In 2001 19% all households consisted of an adult couple and dependent children the couple not necessarily married. Marriage certainly has become less popular in the last 2 decades. Cohabitation, teen pregnancies, the public figure of children outside marriage has seen a marked increase.Homosexuality also has become much more widely accepted in society and numerous homosexual couples live with their children adopted or from previous relationships. Divorce pass judgment have also shot up dramatically with 1 in every 3 marriages ending in a divorce. These changes have been constructed into a national crisis by the state and the media. The statistics have been used to create moral panic among the people. In Britain, the government whether the sweet right-hand(a) or the New Left have supported the traditional family.In the debates and policies of the New Right or the New Left, there is seen to be a particular friendship betwee n deviant family forms and social ills and there can be seen a particular vision of the individual, family and state responsibility. Policy units, the think tanks like the mixer Affairs and the Economic Affairs units and the newspapers rather than the academic press try on are the agencies that filter out more on the importance of the traditional family determine. Jagger and Wright, 1999 The lobbyists on behalf of the normal family say that government policies and feminist ideologies threaten it.Government policies however distant from threatening the nuclear family form strongly support it. In fact the Conservatives called themselves the party of the family and deviant family forms such as homosexual relationships and cohabitation were actively discouraged. The 1988 local Government Act stated that it was an offence for local government employees or institutions to promote the acceptability of homosexuality as a family relationship. The Conservatives also shifted away from s tate provision and the emphasis lay on the family as a source of provision and rhetoric as well as legislation supported this.The moral panic shifted from the unemployed male scrounger to the female lone parent on benefit. The benefits given to single parents were cut quite a little and the Child Support Act was introduced. Refamilisation by which fathers were tried to be reinserted into the family by being do responsible for his child aft(prenominal) separation made life very difficult for those people who had been divorced. This rhetoric of traditional family values however helped the state to back out of much of its fiscal responsibilities The push back Governments emphasis has also been on the family.Legislation based on the families theatrical role in society has been passed. As Frazer says, there is an insistent emphasis on the family as the relevant and significant institution together with the insistence that rights must be correlate with duties, obligations and resp onsibilities. It does seem from the governments emphasis on the family that the terrain of family offers the illusion of a cheap and viable political program. Other than this emphasizing on family also obscures the failure of the politicians in other spheres such as economics or likewise.The media also plays an important role in this invocation of the family the cereal-packet family being a noteworthy propaganda and the stress on the current crisis Religion is another important social institution that encourages the nuclear family maintaining it to be moral and healthier that the other family forms. It has been seen that in all these cases of addressing this crisis by the state, the media or any other institution the focus has been on women as the cause of the crisis and consequently social problems.The single mother is seen as the source of current social evils like poverty, childrens indiscipline, crime and juvenile delinquency. unparented families are seen to be more of a prob lem with no one to impose authority and discipline The discourse of lone/single maternity as a social threat as it helps to resist slopped scrutiny of the content of hegemonic masculinity and fatherhood. Lister, 1996 and conceals the fear that if men lose their relevance to the family life they also lose control over women and children.The traditional nuclear family, which is patriarchal, enforces this ideology through the strict gendered division of labor and other family forms without these gender divisions are not seen as desirable or normal. The traditional family is seen as one in which the male is the breadwinner and the woman is the homemaker aspect after the house and the children. This was in fact the Victorian middle class ideology. though today women are no longer thought of as not going into paid work, it is still considered that her primary duty lies in looking after the home thus she has a double burden of her job and housework.Men however have no such responsibi lities and the symmetrical family that youthful and Willmott talk about in which housework is shared equally between men and women instead of men thinking that they are doing a privilege by helping, will take a long time to come if it ever does come at all These family relationships the inequality of women in their relationships with men ( in either marriage or cohabitation) is linked to wider social and economic factors and is infact sanctioned by the power of the state.Thus gendered division of labor is a part of the normal family ideals. The crisis in the family means that this gender division no longer works within a majority of the families anymore. This is the feminist explanation for the rise of a crisis in the family by the media and the state. The patriarchy that is based on the using of womens unpaid labor at home constructs alternate family forms as a crisis and blames women as the cause of social problems, advocating the return to the normal, heterosexual, nuclear fa mily for a break away and healthier society

Uncontrolled Ambition in Macbeth

Its good to have ambition, as its the foundation of a successful support. Ambition means to have strong desire towards achieving something. Because of this, its true that genius with turn up ambition will struggle, however sometimes, our accept ambitions and desires raft change us for the negative. Ambition in its nature can becharm obsessional behaviour, which has a destructive nature of its induce. When an ambition purely of warmth turns into obsession, it at long last forces one to only focus on that and do anything to contact that goal.Shakespeares Macbeth is the perfect example of where the theme of obsessive ambition is prevalent. Shakespeare through with(predicate) the protagonist Macbeth conveys how our own desires, if obsessive has a both corrupting and blatant power of its own, ultimately changing things for the worse and destroying everything. Macbeth, as a leave of his obsessive quest for power, corrupts his own judgement and motivates him towards immoral actio ns. It similarly blinds him because he be grows very egoistic and begins to ignore madam Macbeth, destroying his own marriage.Macbeth follows the tragic life of a soldier who is very dedicated and loyal, but does the wrong things when he meets 3 witches that prophesize that he will become a powerful index one day. Macbeth in the play kills so many stack because his obsessive ambitions is so corruptive, it takes control of his actions, fueling his many immoral actions. To begin with, when Macbeth hears the prophecies, he is introduced to the idea that he will become king one day. astonied and baffled, he tells his wife about the prophecy. She tells Macbeth that in order for this prophecy to come true, Duncan, the king must be killed.Initially, Macbeth is very reluctant and hesitant to necessitate because he isnt inclined to committing immoral deeds and being unwarranted for a selfish reason. In his mind, he is thinking, I have no spur, to prick the sides of my intent, but onl y vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself. He explains how its full his own ambition that makes him want to do this, but that isnt a reason to commit treason and defy. Despite this belief, Macbeth ends up agreeing to kill Duncan. From the following, we find out that Macbeth himself strongly desires power on the border of the obsessive as it impairs his own judgement and corrupts it.It essentially motivates him to towards something immoral and treasonous, taking control of his own actions. afterward the sidesplitting of Duncan, he stews in paranoia and lives in constant fear because of his defiance, proving that it does non offer anything pleasantry. Next, after the murder of Duncan, Macbeth realizes that Banquo is a possible threat and contemplates killing because he wants to stay in power. He thinks to himself, But to be safely thus our fears in Banquo, Stick deep and in his royalty of nature, Reigns that which would be feared. Whose being I do fear, and under him, my genius is rebuked.Macbeth fears Banquos honestness and if Banquo suspects him, he will have to surrender everything. From the following, we learn that Macbeth will go to any limit if it means sacrificing him being in power and eliminating his own doubts and fears, even if it requires deceiving his innocent friend. He now is so powerfully corrupted, he does not realize he has turned into a tyrant who seeks nonentity but violence for his own satisfaction, showing how it has taken over him. Afterwards, he wallows in so much guilt for his deception, he has nothing to notion accomplished for.In conclusion, his obsessive ambition drives him to such terrible atrocities that ultimately does not gain him anything. Near the end, he descends into a kind of frantic, boastful hysteria as a result of this, changing his life for the worse. Macbeth however also ruins his own marriage in his ultimate quest for power. When Macbeth rises in power, Lady Macbeth descends in splendour. His quest for power corrupts him so much, he becomes very self-centered and loses his feelings for his wife. To begin with, Macbeth is unable to give importance to his wife because he obsesses over his enemies and thinks they are out to get him .Ere we will eat our meal in fear, and kip In the affliction of these terrible dreams That shake us nightly. mend be with the dead, Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace From this, Macbeth explains that he cannot sleep and has nightmares of people turning against him. He says he feels endless mental frustrate and cannot live in peace. He has so many fearful thoughts of people plotting against him, he cannot concentrate on Lady Macbeth. His wife descends in importance and all the martial affection and emotional bonding is lost.In fact, Lady Macbeth feels, naughts had, alls worn-out(a) when our desire is got without content. This proves how she feels ignored and how him being king doesnt truly wellbeing their marriage and slowly begins to destroy it . .In conclusion, Shakespeares Macbeth suggests that when our own ambitions go out of control, it has a corrupting power of its own and can change things for the negative, ultimately destroying everything. Man should always strive with ambition, but not to the obsessive where one becomes overambitious. (Elaborate further)

Impact of the British Victory in the Indian French War Essay

A war transpired between Britain and France, which lasted from the category 1756 to the year 1763. This war, which was termed as the French and Indian War, was fought over compound possessions in the marriage American Continent. It was fought between the American colonists and the British on one aspect and the French and the American Indians on the other. The incident that initiated this war was the deployment of troops to a lower place Washington by the Virginian Governor, to dispute the Ohio valley French expansion (French and Indian War , 2005).This war was part of the larger struggle to attain colonial supremacy and in this struggle between the European colonizers, Britain obtained tame of India and some(prenominal) French colonies. In this process Britain obtained Florida from Spain instead of Cuba. This period of strife terminate with the signing of the agreement of Paris in 1763, by Britain, France and Spain. Britain was the major beneficiary and obtained control ove r Canada, Florida and a number of Caribbean islands (Seven Years War , 2005). initially the war efforts in America were non accorded much significance by the rulers in Britain.However, in 1757, William Pitt or Pitt the Elder, the then secretary of state and realistic prime minister, realized the fact that this skirmish had the capacity to obtain international domination for the British. Accordingly, Britain borrowed heavily and adopted a number of stratagems like paying(a) Prussia to fight on its behalf in Europe and reimbursing the American colonists. In July 1758, the British emerged victorious at Louisbourg, in the month of August in the same year, they captured Fort Frontenac. In September 1759, a great victory was achieved against the French on the Plains of Abraham.The French were soundly and completely routed in Canada with the capture of Montreal by the British in September 1760. Due to the Paris Peace Treaty Britain obtained Canada and Florida and the American colonies became much stronger after this war, due to the removal of their European colonial rivals (SEVEN YEARS warfare , 1991). Vast and far reaching changes were wrought by the victory in this war. Some of these were that Britains presence in the pertly World became significantly larger. However, Britain incurred a very heavy monetary debt in achieving this victory.The leaders in England developed deep resentment towards the colonists, because the last mentioned had not provided adequate financial and military help to the former. Consequently, Britain decided to enhance their control over the American colonies and to drastically reduce the extant decentralization. This resulted in abominable dissatisfaction on the part of the American colonists towards the British. A major benefit that accrue from this war was that the colonists realized that their real enemy was Britain and not each other.They likewise realized that if they became one, then they were a truly redoubtable foe to postu late with. This confidence coupled with the unjust and repressive policies of the British resulted in the American Revolution. In this manner a war that was fought between Britain and France to curb the latters expansionist ambitions led to the obtention of independence of the American Colonies from the British (Mooy, 2003).ReferencesFrench and Indian War . (2005). Retrieved September 5, 2007, from The Hutchinson Unabridged cyclopedia including atlas vertebra http//www.credoreference. com/ entree/6427767 Mooy, A. (2003, June 3). French and Indian Wars. Retrieved September 5, 2007, from From Revolution to Reconstruction http//www. let. rug. nl/ regular army/E/7yearswar/fiwxx. htm Seven Years War . (2005). Retrieved September 5, 2007, from The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia including Atlas http//www. credoreference. com/entry/6465088Seven Years War SEVEN YEARS WAR . (1991). Retrieved September 5, 2007, from The Readers Companion to American History http//www. credoreference. com /entry/5868885

Anne Lamott Summary Essay

In the book maam by Bird by Anne Lamott, she preserves an excerpt, Shitty First Drafts, which is about the impact and importance of the early draw ups of writing. Anne explains in the beginning of this excerpt that all writers write shitty offset printing drafts and the drafts get better as you write more and work on the writing more. Lamott claims that writing is not rapturous, she explains that the only way that she can write anything well is to write a very bad starting line draft and fitting work on fixing that. She explains that sometimes you just pay back to type and get your ideaswritten out to be able to write a good piece of work.Once someone has been writing for so long, they have to have the ability to be able to just swear their writing process and understand that the scratch draft isnt expiration to be perfect. Nothing is perfect on the first try, you have to glide by working at it. Sometimes the first draft will be the worst thing someone thinks they have e ver written, but they just have to go back to it and try to make it better and rescript what is wrong. A writer has to start somewhere and they work from there.Just because the first draft is a bad draft doesnt meanthat the net work will be terrible. The first draft is the terrible draft, the second draft is the slightly better draft that has been gazumped through lightly to better, and the final draft is the dental draft. The dental draft is the draft that you really pick through and make sure that everything is perfect. In other words, the final crossroad is checked dentally to make sure that it is healthy so that the final harvest-feast is perfect. Lamotts entire excerpt is just explaining that whether or not your first draft is perfect or not, the final product will by all odds be better and more acceptable.

My Ideal Teacher Essay

In my college thise are many teachiss. Each whizz teaches us different instances. Although all of them are fairly honorable, thise is one teachis whom I love and admire the most. his name is MR. ali. he is the most pleasing genius that I have ever come across. he is an high-minded teachis. he has all those qualities which a good teachis is expected to have.Mrs. Ali is a science teachis. he loves the subject that he teaches and has an in-depth knowledge of it too. he teaches science almost as though it were a hobby class. he does non adopt the aging methods of teaching. In fact we even forget at times that he is teaching us from our text books.Science comes alive in MR. alis class. When he teaches, no one talks about anything but the subject that he discusses. he has the ability to draw out attention to the subject and also to sustain it. he conducts various experiments in the class and demonstrates them thusly making it much easier for us to understand what he teaches. he do es not merely read from the book but gives us a cover picture of e reallything, so that we see them before us.Although his subject is science, MR. ali has a good knowledge of othis subjects also. he is well versed with all the current affairs of the world and he often links what we are studying to something that whitethorn have been taught somewhise else in the world. he encourages us to ask questions so that we may be able to understand the subject well. he never loses forbearance with those students who take long to grasp the subject.MR. ali gives personal attention to all the students. If, by chance, any student tries to play the fool in his class, he is family and does not allow that to happen. he is a great combination of bounty and strictness. he encourages the students to ask each othis and his anything with regard to the subject so that a healthy discussion generates new ideas and increases our curiosity about the subject.- he is very popular, but he is not conceited. he is courteous to his colleagues and the principal of the college. I have never seen his frown or lose his temper. he trunk calm even when thise is a crisis of any kind. he makes me love passing to college. I always look forward to my science period.he is an ideal teachis and provides the students with a good role model. I love his the most and intrust to be like his one day

Conventions, The Skull Beneath The Skin

P.D. James claims to have used the well careworn conventions of the mystery to subvert them, stretch them, use them to say something true intimately characters, about men and women and the guild in which they live in her have The Skull Beneath the Skin. She sought out to rewrite the close-fitting style and she achieved this by repugn the traditional conventions. The Skull Beneath the Skin is almost a hybrid text edition because it is Contemporary but also blends classic cosy style conventions with case-hardened characteristics.Firstly, the fact that James has made the detective female is a large subversion, it conveys the changing times in which it was written, 1982. During this time, roles of women and their social roles and barriers were changing rapidly, and this is reflective in the novel. As well as challenging the role of women in society another obvious challenge to the genre of aversion writing is the disaster is not seted at the end of the novel, as is usually th e case for some(prenominal) traditional cosy novels, but is instead closer to the middle crisis and unravelling of the case. Cordelia does not perform the resolution herself and no other guests are present during its unfolding. Instead, Ambrose undertakes the denoument, much to the bewilderment and fallibility of Cordelia.Other slight subversions of the genre include the fact that Cordelia Gray has an unquiet past and she lacks the intellectual capacity of the traditional cosy detective and the insulate setting at Sir Ambrose Gorringes Victorian castle is a convention of the cosy but the blending of the cosy with the gothic genre challenges the norm for crime writing.On the other hand occasionally a convention was seen to be adhered too which is often hard to avoid. In the Skull beneath the Skin purchase order is left unstable, as Ambrose was never put behind bars. The killings werent genuinely justified by the characters, or justified in a modal value we could understand as n ormal people. This convention holds true to Contemporary iniquity Fiction.

An Investigation Into the Factors Influencing the Implementation

Chapter One launching 1. Introduction This chapter provide cover the background of the research enigma, purpose of nookyvass, hypotheses, importance of the sight, and the jog of a function of the examine. The chapter introduces the major concepts of the conceive of strategicalalal all(a)iances and broker chamfering snips. 1. 1. Background 1. 1. 1 strategical Management Process Although most merchantman agree that a watertights ability to survive and wave depends on choosing and implementing a right(a) out stock, at that place is less agreement nigh what constitutes a favourable schema (Barney, 2008).However, there seems to be an agreement as to what a system actually means a trusdeucerthys opening approximately how to tuck competitive proceeds. The strategic heed functioning is a sequential tempered of analyses and choices that bear augment the likelihood that a unfluctuating allow lease a dodging that generates competitive receipts (Hester ly, 2008). The outgrowth step is military mission (long term purpose) definition, followed by cross outting of objectives, that is, peculiar(prenominal) measurable tar mothers that a wet practice sessions to evaluate the extent to which it is realizing its mission.The next cast atomic number 18 the internal and foreign analyses, where a critical evaluation of the vividnesss, weaknesses, opportunities and threats is make in regard to two the internal and external environments. Once a staunch establishes a fundamental balance between internal capabilities and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats, the management is in an in mental strain blank space to select strategies that presents the lift out way thinkable to achieve the satisfyings objectives. Barney (2008) categorizes strategy choices into telephone line train strategies and unified level strategies.Business-level strategies argon actions a immobile transfers to crystalise competitive adva ntage in a single market and intromits cost leadership, incompatibleiation and focus. Corporate level strategies atomic number 18 actions a firm invites to meet competitive advantage in eightfold markets and includes vertical integration strategies, strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions. This study draws its subject on strategic alliances as a corporate-level strategy a firm whitethorn engage to achieve its broad objectives. 1. 1. 2 strategic AlliancesA strategic alliance exists whenever two or more(prenominal) than independent organizations cooperate in the development, manu detailure, or change of products or go. These alliances rout out be groped into terce broad categories nonequity alliances, equity alliances, and plebeian ventures (Barney, 2008). In a nonequity alliance, the reconciling relations are managed by the social function of various contracts licensing agreements, impart agreements, and distri unlession agreements. For instance, in the s ticking persistence, divisor swearing falls under(a) distribution agreements since operators are contracted by banks to offer banking function on behalf of the banks (C.G. A. P, 2009). 1. 1. 3 Agent beveling In a growing number of countries, banks and another(prenominal)wise mercenaryized messageised fiscal service providers are finding new slipway to make property and deliver monetary go to unbanked people (Lyman, 2009). ear roostr than using bank branches and their own field officers, they offer banking and payment go through triplet parties. For execrable people, unbranched banking through sell brokers whitethorn be far more convenient and efficient than going to a bank branch (C. G. A. P, 2009).For m both poor customers, it go forth be the first time they restrain inlet to any formal fiscal serveand formal function are commonly significantly safer and cheaper than informal substitute(a)s. bank billinal exemplars of branchless banking through retail federal factors are emerging one take by banks, the other by non-bank moneymaking(prenominal) actors (Lyman, 2009). both social function education and communication technologies, such as cell phones, debit and prepaid cards, and card readers to transmit transaction details from the retail actor or customer to the bank (C. G. A. P, 2009).Branchless banking through retail actors appeals to policymakers and regulators beca mapping it has the indorsement to extend financial services to unbanked and marginalized communities. But it to a fault challenges them to ask What are the endangerment of infections of these new approaches, and are they various from those of ceremonious branch- ground banking? How should banks respond to these guesss, so as to permit branchless banking with retail agents to operate safely and set off plan of attack to finance (C. G. A. P, 2009). Agency banking can be understood by examining the experience of five ioneering countries brazil , India, South Africa, the Philippines, and Kenyawhere agent-assisted branchless banking that tooshies poor customers is already a reality (Kumar, 2009). Some models of branchless bankingfor example, meshwork banking and automatic teller machines (ATMs)can be seen as modest extensions of conventional branch-based banking. Other models offer a distinct alternative to conventional branch-based banking in that customers conduct financial transactions at a whole range of retail agents instead of at bank branches or through bank employees (Staschen, 2009).Agent-assisted branchless banking is relatively new. Among the countries studied, the phenomenon ranges in age from matchly a a couple of(prenominal) months (in the case of Kenya), to a few years (in the case of Brazil and well-nigh services in India). Outside of Brazil and the Philippines, branchless banking through retail agents reaches relatively few customers with a limited range of financial services (C. G. A. P, 2009). As co mpared with conventional branch-based banking, both models of agent-assisted branchless banking touch on issues that lie at the heart of traditional bank regulation and supervision.One set of issues, common to both models, arises from the outsourcing of substantially all direct customer contact to a potentially infinite array of different types of retail agents (Lyman, 2009). According to F. S. D/Kenya, line issues to be considered are authorization of agent network managers, insane asylum of a register of agents, review of agent licensing overlookments, emulation & agent exclusivity, and take away for consumer security measure arrangements covering agents.Coupled with the bumps associated with new working(a) platforms, these issues are likely to be of major concern to moneymaking(prenominal) banks and may indeed hamper the execution of dick of agent banking. 1. 2 Problem Statement In the year 2009, C. B. K became one of the installing members of the Alliance for Financ ial Inclusion (A. F. I) in kinfolk 2009. Through A. F. I, C. B. K conducted a study tour of Brazil and Colombia to pull in an understanding of Agent Banking. This model introduced through the Finance Act, 2009 entail the map of tertiary parties by banks to extend their outreach cost importively.The National Financial gate Survey released in 2009 indicates that 32% of Kenyas bankable population mud totally excluded from any form of financial services. The substitution Bank has wherefore continued to promote policy solutions geared towards enhancing financial cellular inclusion, with the introduction of agent banking organism one of the initiatives. In a growing number of countries, banks are finding new ways of delivering financial services to unbanked people. The introduction of agent banking is intended to enable institutions to provide banking services in a more cost exerciseive way which is reachly cheaper to the customers (C.G. A. P, 2009). It is further intended to rear financial price of admission oddly for those people who are currently unbanked, age giving banks an opportunity to increase their market shares (F. S. D/Kenya, 2009). Despite the voiceless presence of retail outlets showing interestingness to work with banks as agents, the credence of this model is rather slow. Since the coming into trading trading operations of the Guidelines on Agent Banking, only six banks ask over applied to the C. B. K for Agent Network acclaim (C. B. K, 2010).Of these, only two applications had been granted praise by end of family line 2010, patch the other four were still in the early stages of review. As at 30th September 2010, CBK had approved 5,892 agents of which 4,392 of these agents are telecom colligate with 1,500 comprising other types of enterprises. In addition, 66% of the approved agents are in the untaught areas while the rest are in urban areas. (C. B. K, 2010). This study beca usage seeks to find out the factors influencing the carrying out of agent-banking by mercantileized banks in Kenya. 1. 3 PurposeThis study aims at discovering the factors behind the sluggish pace of agent banking slaying in Kenya, with emphasis on the position taken by commercial banks in Kenya towards agent-assisted banking models. The results of the study lead include comprehensive recommendations to both commercial banks and the attention regulator on accomplishable strategies of making agent banking, as an alternative service delivery channelise, a success in rescue financial services closer to the poor and currently unbanked population. 1. 4 Objectives of the study 1. 4. 1 General objectiveThe general objective of the study is to determine factors influencing the writ of execution of agent banking in the Kenyan Financial Services area. 1. 4. 2 specialised objectives The study aims to achieve the following specific objectives i. To determine how consumer protection baffles the carrying into action of agent banki ng by commercial banks in Kenya ii. To determine how laws and regulations influences the instruction execution of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya iii. To determine how risk appetite affects the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya iv.To find out the effect of overall pedigree strategy on the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. 1. 5 Hypotheses Table 1. 1 Hypotheses sets Set H0 HA 1 Consumer protection requirements influence the Consumer protection requirements engender no influence on the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. Kenya. 2 Unfavorable licit and restrictive guidelines on agent Legal and regulatory guidelines on agent networks pick up no networks affect the implementation of agent banking by effect on the implementation of agent banking by commercial commercial banks in Kenya. banks in Kenya. 3 Low risk appetite influe nces the operationalization of Low risk appetite has no effect on the operationalization of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. 4 leave out of an blow up business strategy on agent bankingBusiness strategies train no effect on the credence of agent affects the adoption of agent banking models among banking models among commercial banks in Kenya commercial banks in Kenya 1. 6 Scope The study allow cover duly registered commercial banks in Kenya, with information being gathered preferably from the percentage pointquarters of the institutions.Respondents get out be individuals retentiveness managerial position related to retail banking, channels management, risk management and selling or strategy functions. All aspects of service delivery by third caller agents will form the main subject of the study. 1. 7 importee of the study 1. 7. 1 To regulatory authorities The study will be of major use to the CBK, Central gover nment and other oversight bodies as it will pay up insights on the unique attributes of the Kenyan banking sector and naming of potential job areas in the quest of increasing financial inclusion through alternative channels.This will go along pay in guiding policy decisions that can be exploited to make banking services conveniently available all segments of the population. 1. 7. 2 To commercial Banks The study is central to Commercial bank managers since it will help them appreciate the magnitude of potential divergence of business opportunities to their competitors due to lack of flexible strategic planning. The spread abroad will also produce valuable industry data that can be utilise by commercial banks to develop comprehensive business strategies on agent banking as key potential problem areas in the banking model will be identified and quantified. . 7. 3 To academicians and tecs The study will be a source of reference material for future researchers on related topics i t will also help other academicians who undertake the homogeneous topic in their studies. The study will highlight classic relationships that require further research this may be in the areas of relationships between firms performance and delivery channels dynamics. 1. 8 Limitations of the study This study will be confined to the headquarters of 12 Commercial Banks in Kenya.The receipts given might be inadequate to make generalizations for the whole banking sector. This problem will however be averted by stratifying the population into three categories based on asset book size and market reach, and in line with the categorization provided by the industry regulator, followed by haphazard taste. This will stop up that the ingest will indeed be a true congresswoman of the population. 1. 9 Assumptions The study assumes that consumer protection requirements, low risk appetite, cumbersome regulations and inhibitory business strategies hasten a negative influence on the adoption of agent banking models in Kenya.The study further assumes that middle and top level bank managers in the areas of retail banking, marketing, strategy and risk management are conversant with the subject of service delivery through third fellowship agents. 1. 10 Definitions Strategy- a firms theory about how to gain competitive advantage Strategic management process sequential set of analyses and choices that can increase the likelihood that a firm will elect a strategy that generates competitive advantage Strategic alliances arrangements where two or more independent organizations cooperate in the development, manufacture, or sale of products or servicesAgent banking a banking model where commercial banks offer their core services through third party intermediaries Consumer protection set of guidelines a firm/industry employs to cover its customers from any form of exploitation due to their vulnerable position in a business transaction take chances appetite the sum total o f loss a firm is ready to absorb due to risk events insecurity suspense in the occurrence of loss or gain Reputation risk risk of loss resulting from compromised external opinion towards a firm Operational risk risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events liquidity risk risk that an asymmetry between currency inflows and outflows will result in insufficient bully reserves to meet all demands of the dethronementors. Chapter Two Literature Review 2. 0 Introduction This chapter presents the literature review and theories, and conceptual theoretical account adopted in the study of strategic alliances and more specifically, the evolution of agent banking. In addition, an trial-and-error work has been reviewed with the final presentation of conceptual and operational frameworks of the study. 2. 1 notional Literature ReviewThe sections analyses current theories related to strategic management process, strateg ic choice, strategic alliance threats and opportunities, and their relevance in the agent banking models. Research gaps and theoretical weaknesses stick out also been identified. 2. 1. 1 Strategic Management Process Although most can agree that a firms ability to survive and prosper depends on choosing and implementing a good strategy, there is less agreement about what constitutes a good strategy (Barney, 2008). However, there seems to be an agreement as to what a strategy genuinely means a firms theory about how to gain competitive advantage.The strategic management process is a sequential set of analyses and choices that can increase the likelihood that a firm will deal a strategy that generates competitive advantage (Hesterly, 2008). The first step is mission (long term purpose) definition, followed by setting of objectives, that is, specific measurable targets that a firm uses to evaluate the extent to which it is realizing its mission. The next phase are the internal and ex ternal analyses, where a critical evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats is done in regard to both the internal and external environments.Once a firm establishes a sound balance between internal capabilities and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats, the management is in an informed position to select strategies that presents the best way possible to achieve the firms objectives. Barney (2008) categorizes strategy choices into business level strategies and corporate level strategies. Business-level strategies are actions a firm takes to gain competitive advantage in a single market and includes cost leadership, differentiation and focus.Corporate level strategies are actions a firm takes to gain competitive advantage in multiple markets and includes vertical integration strategies, strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions. This study draws its subject on strategic alliances as a corporate-level strategy a firm may choose to achieve its b road objectives. One major weakness of this framework is that it presents strategic management in a form of series while in real sense, management decisions are made within a network of closely interwoven and interrelated activities. For instance, S. W. O.T analysis is done at every stage in the strategic management process 2. 1. 2 Strategic Alliances A strategic alliance exists whenever two or more independent organizations cooperate in the development, manufacture, or sale of products or services. These alliances can be groped into three broad categories nonequity alliances, equity alliances, and joint ventures (Barney, 2008). In a nonequity alliance, cooperating firms agree to work together to develop, manufacture, or sell products or services, but they do not take equity positions in each other or form an independent organizational unit to manage their cooperative groundss.Rather, these cooperative relations are managed through the use of various contracts licensing agreements, supply agreements, and distribution agreements. For instance, in the banking industry, agent banking falls under distribution agreements as agents are contracted by banks to offer banking services on behalf of the banks (C. G. A. P, 2008). The compartmentalization according to Barney (2008) is in agreement with that given by Day (1990) and gives a clear distinction between strategic alliances and mergers and acquisitions.However, other writers make questioned this classification as merger could be indeed be a form of strategic alliances involving capital. 2. 1. 3 Strategic Alliance Opportunities Strategic alliances create look on by exploiting opportunities and neutralizing threats facing a firm. Opportunities associated with strategic alliances fall into three self-aggrandizing categories. First, these alliances can be used to improve performance of a firms current operations. Second, alliances can be used to create a competitive environment favorable to superior firm performa nce.Finally, they can be used to facilitate a firms entry into or exit from new markets or industries (Hesterly, 2008). Indeed, the major reason why most firms cooperate is to increase efficiencies and open more avenues of improving firms performance. However, Hesterly (2008) has not intelligibly whether opportunities of strategic alliances attract firms or it is the business needs that compel firms to bulge out alliances in the market. 2. 1. 4 Strategic Alliance Threats Just as there are incentives to cooperate in strategic alliances, there are also incentives to cheat on these cooperative agreements.Indeed, research shows that as many as one-third of all strategic alliances do not meet the expectations of at to the lowest degree one alliance partner (Barney, 2008). In the case of allocator agreements (nonequity alliance), the producers often evaluate the threats of the alliance using a framework of risk. The risk based approach has particularly been adopted in the financial ser vices contracting in countries like Brazil and Mexico. (C. G. A. P, 2006) Hesterly (2008) has highlighted four issues of concern to forming strategic alliances consumer protection, healthy / regulatory implications, competitive networks, Reputational and operational risks.In addition, an organization needs to spend a penny an overall business strategy that is open to strategic linkages with other entities. Lyman (2009) has brought these threats into post while studying the branchless banking model in Brazil, Kenya and the Philippines. 2. 1. 4. 1 Consumer guard And Resolution Of Grievances According to Lyman (2009), any of the foregoing categories of risk triggers consumer protection concerns if the resulting loss falls on customers. Use of retail agents may also increase the risk that customers will be unable to understand their rights and press claims when aggrieved.Customers are protected against fraud by laws and regulations in the countries studied. But it is not evermore c lear to customers how they will be protected against fraud when they use retail agents to conduct financial transactions. 2. 1. 4. 2 Legal / Regulatory happens Since industry regulators collapse had little experience with agent banking models and are still adjusting existing rules to approach them (or had yet to begin this process), some level of legal and regulatory uncertainty and ambiguity for both the banks and nonbanks (and to a lesser extent also for retail agents) has remained.Once a model becomes widely used in a country, these uncertainties and ambiguities could take on a systemic dimension if, for example, several banks with significant operations conducted through retail agents suddenly face an unfavorable interpretation that challenges their authority to transact business through retail agents or the enforceability of related legal agreements (Lyman, 2009) 2. 1. 4. 3 Operational encounter Operational risk refers to potential losings resulting from inadequate or faile d internal processes, people and systems or from external events. For banks and nonbanks that use retail agents and rely on electronic communications to settle transactions, a variety of potential operational risks arise. For example, customers or retail agents could commit fraud, or a banks equipment or other property could be stolen from a retail agents premises. Financial loss for banks or nonbanks (and also potentially for customers) can also occur from data leaks or data loss from hacker attacks, inadequate physical or electronic security, or poor backup systems (Lyman, 2009). 2. 1. 4. 4 Reputation Risk When retail agents under perform or are robbed, banks public image may suffer.Many operational risks mentioned (such as the loss of customer records or the leakage of hugger-mugger customer data) also can cause reputational risk, as can runniness shortfalls in the retail agents cash drawer. Moreover, reputation risk can spread from one bank or nonbank to another and take on sy stemic dimensions (Lyman, 2009) 2. 1. 4. 5 Liquidity Risk Retail agents, especially those that are relatively small, unsophisticated, and remote, may not commence enough cash to meet customers requests for withdrawals and may lack experience in the more intricate runniness management required for offering financial services.To manage liquidity effectively, retail agents must balance several multivariates, including turnover of cash, ease of access to the retail agents bank account, and processing time of transactions, among others (C. G. A. P, 2008). 2. 1. 4. 6 Business Strategy Although most can agree that a firms ability to survive and prosper depends on choosing and implementing a good strategy, there is less agreement about what constitutes a good strategy (Barney, 2008). According to Aaker (1998), t is usually very difficult to predict how competition in an industry will evolve, and so it is rarely possible to make out for sure that a firm is choosing the right strategy an d this is why a firms strategy is almost always a theory. However, this theory sets the tone at which competition evolution is handled in the future. For a firm to make the choice of making strategic alliances, the overall business strategy must be open to the formation of strategic linkages with other entities.This fact has been acknowledged by the Central Bank of Kenya which has directed that for any commercial bank to be allowed to offer services through third party agents, it must have an elaborate business strategy on agent banking (CBK guidelines on Agent Banking, 2010). In summary, the classification of threats in agent banking models as given by Lyman (2009) appears to be widely accepted by industry players as the framework was drawn from case studies done in the banking industry in the pioneering countries.However, the framework fails to suggest possible avenues of avoiding or at least neutralizing these threats to be used as a guideline by financial institutions which are interested in agent banking models. More research is indeed required to meet this gap if agency banking is to be the new bourn of increasing financial inclusion. 2. 2 Empirical Review The concept of agent banking has only taken momentum in the twenty first century, with Brazil being a success story of branch-less banking. Other countries where the banking approach has been implemented are South Africa, India, Mexico, Kenya and the Philippines.In Kenya, the idea of agent banking evolved from the innovations of the mobile telecommunications company, Safaricom Ltd, with its innovative and transformative funds transfer service, M-PESA. In 2009, the Banking Act was amended to allow commercial banks use agents in their outreach to extend the formal financial services access frontier. leash organizations have been instrumental in studying agent banking models and their contribution to the habitual goal of raising financial inclusion among the poor. These organizations are F. S.D/K (Fin ancial Sector Deepening, Kenya), C. B. K (Central Bank of Kenya) and C. G. A. P (Consultative Group to Assist the deplorable). In an effort to promote financial access by the majority of Kenyans, the Central Bank and the banking sector continued with initiatives to put in place a deferred payment information sharing mechanism which would enable individuals to use their information capital as collateral to access bank services. Further, the amendment of the Banking Act to permit banks to use agents in their outreach would also extend the formal financial services access frontier.In 2009, banks pursued revenue growth strategies based on their ability to raise new customers and cross-selling more products and services to existing customers by leveraging on technology (C. B. K, 2010). In a growing number of countries, banks and other financial service providers are finding new ways to make money and deliver financial services to unbanked people (C. G. A. P, 2009). Rather than using b ank branches and their own field officers, they offer banking and payment services through third parties.For many poor customers, it would be the first time they have access to any formal financial servicesand formal services were usually significantly safer and cheaper than informal alternatives. Two models of branchless banking through retail agents have emerged one led by banks, the other by non-bank commercial actors (Lyman, 2009). Both use information and communication technologies, such as cell phones, debit and prepaid cards, and card readers to transmit transaction details from the retail agent or customer to the bank (C. G. A. P, 2009).For example, customers of Caixa Economica Federal, a Brazilian state-owned bank, could open and deposit money in a current account, make person-to-person transfers, and get loansall using simple bankcards and card readers at over 12,000 drafting outlets, supermarkets, and even butcher shops (Lyman, 2009). In Kenya Customers could use their p hone to send and receive M-PESA, make payments to other people and shops, and store money for future use (F. S. D/K, 2010). Branchless banking through retail agents appeals to policymakers and regulators because it has the potential to extend financial services to unbanked and marginalized communities.But it also challenges them to ask What are the risks of these new approaches, and are they different from those of conventional branch-based banking? How should banks respond to these risks (C. G. A. P, 2009) F. S. D/Kenya and C. G. A. P have done coarse research and advocacy on agent banking. Agency banking can be understood by examining the experience of five pioneering countries Brazil, India, South Africa, the Philippines, and Kenyawhere agent-assisted branchless banking that targets poor customers is already a reality (Kumar, 2009).Branchless banking represents a new distribution channel that allows financial institutions and other commercial actors to offer financial services o utside traditional bank premises. Lyman (2009) has outlined two models of agent banking. One model of branchless bankingfor example, Internet banking and automatic teller machines (ATMs)can be seen as modest extensions of conventional branch-based banking. Other models offer a distinct alternative to conventional branch-based banking in that customers conduct financial transactions at a whole range of retail agents instead of at bank branches or through bank employees (C. G. A.P, 2009). This concept has introduced new risks and other regulatory issues in the industry. For regulators, the task is not to try to eliminate these risks, but to balance them expirely with the benefits of branchless bankingincluding expanded outreach of financial services. Of the countries so far studied, Kenya may best reflect the situation of most developing and transition countries (F. S. D Kenya, 2010). politymakers and regulators have greeted branchless banking with a mixture of great enthusiasm for its potential to expand access and real concern about new risks for vulnerable customers and the financial system.The case for accepting bank agents in Kenya has already been accepted by policy makers and regulators in Kenya the question is how to regulate and supervise this (FSD Kenya. 2010). In addition, it is leftover to the individual banks to decide whether they will use the model to meet their strategic objectives. The Central Bank of Kenya has indeed placed a requirement for an elaborate business strategy on agent banking before any boon is given for agent networks. Section 2. 3. 2. f CBK guidelines on agent banking approval requires the applying institution to have a delivery channel strategy and how agents fit in the strategy, feasibility study of the global view of future operations and development of the agent business for a minimum period of three years and a business strategy for agent banking (C. B. K, 2010). According to FSD-Kenya, key issues to be considered are re view of agent licensing requirements, risk management, and need for consumer protection arrangements covering agents.These issues are likely to be of major concern to commercial banks and may indeed hamper the implementation of agent banking. The threats associated with agent banking have not gone unnoticed. Indeed most commercial banks are winning a rather conservative position regarding the implementation of agent banking model. corresponding F. S. D/K, C. G. A. P (2009), has identified three issues that agent banking, as a strategic alliance orientation, poses to both the regulator and the market players reputational and operational risks, consumer protection, regulatory framework and business strategies at the institutional level. On its part, C. B.K has alluded that any bank wishing to operate through agents must have an elaborate business strategy on agent banking before any approval is given. 2. 3. 1 Conceptual Framework pic Independent Variables Dependent Variable Figure 2 . 1 Conceptual framework Source (Author, 2010) 2. 3. 2. Operational Framework pic Dependent variable Independent variables Parameters Figure 2. 2 Operational framework Source (Author, 2010) Chapter tierce Research Methodology 3. 0 Introduction This chapter presents the method actingology that will be used to carry out this study.Research methodology is defined as an operational framework within which the facts are placed so that their meaning may be seen more clearly. The task that follows the definition of the research problem is the readying of the design. The methodology of this research includes the research design, population to be studied and sampling strategy, the data collection process, the instruments to be used for gathering data, and how data will be analyzed and presented. 3. 1 Research Design In this study a passel design will be used. This research problem can best be studied through the use of a survey.This method portrays an accurate profile of persons, events, o r situations. Surveys allow the collection of fully grown amount of data from a sizable population in a highly economical way. It allows one to collect quantitative data, which can be analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and/or inferential statistics. 3. 2 universe The population of study will consist of 46 commercial banks in Kenya. Target population in statistics is the specific population about which information is desired. A population is a well defined set of people, services, elements, and events, group of things or households that are being investigated.This definition ensures that population of interest is homogeneous. universe studies, also called census are more representative because everyone has equal chance to be included in the final test that is drawn. The target population of this study will be all the 46 commercial banks in Kenya registered under the banking act. The study will focus on the headquarters of the banks, especially risk, marketing, strategy and r etail divisions since they are the most conversant with the strategic directions of the banks in regard to the subject of the study. Table 3. 1 Target Population Class Net Assets Population Percentage % (000,000 KES) (Frequency) Large Banks 15,000 19 42 Medium Banks 5,000 14,999 14 32 Small Banks 5,000 12 26 perfect 45 100 Source (C. B. K, 2010) 3. 3 Sample size The sample size in this study will consist of 12 commercial banks in Kenya. The researcher will involve the marketing managers, retail banking managers, and risk/compliance managers (preferably two managers from each of the mentioned functional areas) from each bank.This means that the total respondents in this study will be 72 in number. 3. 4 Sampling technique The researcher will use ranked random sampling to select 12 commercial banks out of 46 banks. The researcher will in this case consider all the commercial banks and choose 12 of them in a manner that will make the sample a true representative of the popu lation. The population will be stratified into three categories according to the market shares and in line with the CBK classification of financial institutions. In each class, the researcher will select a random sample so that each item in the population has the said(prenominal) probability of being selected as part of the sample as any other item. Table 3. 2 Sample size Classes Respondents Target Population (2/Bank)Sample size (2 percentage respondents * 4 banks per class) Large market placeing/strategy Managers 38 8 21% Retail-Banking Managers 38 8 21% Risk/Compliance managers 38 8 21% Medium marketing/strategy Managers 28 8 28% Retail-Banking Managers 28 8 28% Risk/Compliance managers 28 8 28% Small Marketing/strategy Managers 24 8 33% Retail-Banking Managers 24 8 33% Risk/Compliance managers 24 8 33% Source(Author, 2010. ) 3. 5Instruments. The researcher will use primary data (questionnaires) to carry out the study. The questionnaires will include s tructured (close-ended) and unstructured (open-ended) questions. The structured questions will be used in an effort to conserve time and money as well as to facilitate in easier analysis as they are in conterminous usable form while the unstructured questions will be used so as to encourage the respondent to give an in-depth and felt reply without feeling held back in revealing any information.With unstructured questions, a respondents response may give an insight to his feelings, background, concealed motivation, interests and decisions and give as much information as possible without holding back. 3. 6 Validity and Reliability The questionnaires to be used are estimated to be reliable as sets of questions measuring a single concept have been groped together, resulting in a high degree of internal physical structure. In addition, the instruments will be subjected to a test-retest procedure before being distributed to the main respondents. The variables have been operationalized into parameters that represent issues which are handled on a day to day pedestal under normal business activities in the industry being studied.Besides, the selected respondents have been drawn from personalities with knowledge, experience and influence on matters forming the subject. This will ensure that the instrument actually measures the true situation, opinions and predictions on agent banking in Kenya. A survey designed will be used in this study because of its strength associated with collecting data in a real life situation. In addition, the sampling technique (random stratified) and the proposition of drawing respondents from relevant divisions in the head offices of commercial banks will increase the external validity as the results could be generalized to the entire banking sector in Kenya. 3. entropy Collection Data will be collected using the drop and pick method. The method is deemed appropriate as all respondents are expected to be found within a small geographica l area, that is, the city of Nairobi. This is coupled by the possibility of face to face interaction with the respondents which is likely to increase the response rate. 3. 8 Data Processing and Analysis Once the completed questionnaires have been received, the raw data will be edited to ensure accuracy, completeness and consistency as well as identifying cases where a respondent may give more than one response in a question that would other than generate a single answer.A codebook of questionnaire items will then be essential and used to enter responses into a computer spreadsheet which would then be trade by S. P. S. S. Data will be analyzed using a multiple regression model. This will enable the researcher to make possible predictions about the study. A multivariate regression model will be applied to determine the relative importance of each of the three variables with watch to the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. The regression model will be as fo llows y = ? 0+ ? 1X1 + ? 2X2 + ? 3X3 + ? 4X4 + ? Where Y = implementation of agent banking ?0 = Constant Term ?1, ? 2, ? 3, ? 4 = Regression coefficients associated with consumer protection, risk appetite, laws & regulations and restrictive business strategy respectivelyX1= consumer protection X2= risk appetite X3= laws and regulations X4= confining Business strategy. 3. 9 Presentation of Findings The findings will be presented using tables and charts. Tables will be used to summarize responses for further analysis and facilitate comparison. This will generate quantitative reports through tabulations, percentages, and measures of central tendency. 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